Pain Management | Pain Management Scale | Detailed information,notes | Explained by Ashish Gaikwad

PAIN MANAGEMENT

DEFINITION:-

Pain is an unpleasent experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

TYPES:-

There are so many types, according to severity, onset, nature and continuity, e.g.,.

According to Nature/general:

• Mild.
• Moderate.
• Severe.

According to severity:

• Cramping pain.
• Pricking pain.
• Tingling pain.
• Radiating pain.
• Throbbing pain.
• Aching pain.
• Burning pain.

According to Onset:

• Acute.
• Chronic.

According to continuity:

• Continuous or constant pain.
• Periodic or intermittent.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:-

• Restlessness.
• Excessive sweating.
• ↑es pulse rate, B.P., respiration.
• Nausea.
• Disturbance in consciousness.
• Skin colour may be change (Blue).
• Posture change.
• crying.
• Patient feels isolation.

MANAGEMENT:-

Medical Management:-

Provide Analgesic Drugs

Opioid drugs:

• Codeine.
• Morphine.
• Methadone.

Non-Opioid drugs:

• Diclofenac sodium.
• Aceclofenac.
• Ibuprofen.
• Nimuslide.

Anaesthetic agent in severe pain.

Nursing Management:-

Assessment

1. Assess vital sign of Patient.
2. Assess ABC (airway, breathing, circulation).
3. Evaluate pain using PQRST mnemonics:

• P-Provokes, Precipitates
• Q-Quality
• R-Radiation, region
• S-Severity
• T-Time (onset, duration)

4. Assess Pain score using:

• A pain rating tool, such as the verbal rating scale (VRS), numerate rating scale (NRS), visual analogue scale (VAS).

Nursing Intervention:-

1. Establish a supportive relationship with the patient.


2. Analgesics drugs.


3. Monitor the patient's response to and effectiveness of treatment.


4. Respect the patient's response to pain or listen carefully patient's problem.


5. Educate the patient regarding methods of pain relieving other than pharmacological, e.g.,

• Music/T.V.
• Diet modification.
• Yoga.
• Counseling.
• Enviromental changes
• Massage.
• Meditation.
• Therapeutic touch.
• Deep breathing.
• Hold/cold application.